NASA Boeing 727 tests in the 1970s revealed how wake vortices affect smaller aircraft, shaping modern separation rules for ...

The study of vortex ring dynamics centres on understanding the formation, evolution and decay of toroidal vortices generated by pulsed fluid jets. These phenomena are crucial in a wide range of ...

Vortex rings are toroidal structures of fluid characterised by closed-loop vorticity that provide a compelling example of coherent structures in fluid dynamics. Their dynamics involve complex ...