A small p-value often means the observed data effect is statistically significant. Set a significance level to compare with the p-value to validate investment hypotheses. Utilizing p-values in Excel ...

The reliability and reproducibility of science are under scrutiny. However, a major cause of this lack of repeatability is not being considered: the wide sample-to-sample variability in the P value.

Clinical trials rely on statistics to show whether drugs are more effective than placebo pills. But how can we be certain? Semmick Photo/Shutterstock How should scientists interpret their data?

How many statisticians does it take to ensure at least a 50 percent chance of a disagreement about p-values? According to a tongue-in-cheek assessment by statistician George Cobb of Mount Holyoke ...